r wardell



H. R WARDELL.

SHINGLE.

APPLICATION FILED III/IY 9. IsIa.

1,325,546. f Patnted De.23,1919.

UNTTED sTATEs PATENT oEEIcE.

HENRY R. WARDELL, 0F YON KERS, NEW YORK, ASSIGNOR TO CENTRAL COMMERCIALCOMPANY, 0F CHICAGO, ILLINOIS, A CORPORATION OF ILLINOIS.

SHINGLE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Dec. 23, 1919.

Application led May 9, 1918. Serial No'. 233,423.

The invention relates to prepared roofing and particularly to shinglesand other roofing elements which are laid upon the roof in over-lappingrelation. In order that these roofing elements may give satisfactoryservice it is important that they should at all times lay fiat upon theroof without the employment of fastening devices in their eX- posedportions. For this purpose it is required that the shingles or the likeshould be sufficiently stiff to prevent their exposed portions beinglifted by the wind and that they should be of such permanentlywaterproof construction "as to effectively avoid warping or bucklingeven after long continued exposure to the weather. That is to say, ifthe waterproof character of the shingles is not retained the edges andadjacent` under portions of the exposed part of the shingles willthereafter be repeatedly damp and dry in alternation and warping orbuckling may result. IIt is also desirable that these prepared roofingelements should be largely composed of fire-proof or slow burningmaterials.

The object of the invention is to provide a prepared roong shingle orlike element which is of greatly improved quality, particularly as 4toits stiffness, waterproof and fire-resisting properties, itsdurability'and appearance.

In the accompanying drawings Figure 1 is a perspective view showing Aashingle embodying the features of improvement provided by the invention4with parts broken away to expose details of the several layers;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view wlth the thick ness of the shingle and itsseveral. layers greatly exaggerated; and- Fig. 3 is similar to Fig. 1but shows a so called strip shingle embodying the features ofimprovement provided by the invention. The mastic core orbody layer isrepre.

sentedat 1 6. In order that this layer may have the required stine'ss`wlthoutbeing made unduly thick it is' preferably formed with a largeproportion of nely divided mert material and arelatively small pro-`portion of bituminous cementing material.

A mixture comprising ten per cent. by

' weight of asbestos fiber, fifteen per cent. by

weight of sharp sand and seventy-five per cent. by weight of siliciousclay may be used in the proportion of about sixty-five per cent. byweight in the mastic compound, the remainder preferably comprisingnatural asphalts such as gilsonite, Trinidad asphalt and grahamite,mixed with oil to form a compound melting at about 250 F. and

A having a hardness represented by a reading of Aabout seventy on thepenetrometer scale at a temperature of 77 F. This mastic is desirablyworked at temperatures between 350 and 400 F. It will maintainsubstantial rigidity atsummer temperatures without becoming frangible inwinter.

The fire-resisting properties of the shingle are improved if each of thefabric layers, represented at 1]."and 12, comprises an asbestos felt.For, this` purpose asbestos felt of loose texture is desirably employed.As it is preferred that the. fabric layers 11 and 12 should be of lessthickness than the mastic layer 10, a felt weighing about ten pounds persquare of 108 square feet may be emplloyed. This felt is renderedwaterproof prior to its application to the mastic layer 10. In orderthat .the waterproof character of the felt 'may be permanent, -thewaterproofing is accomplished by impregnating the felt with a denseasphaltic compound. For this purpose an asphalt mixture which is onlysemi-liquid at ordinary temperatures is preferable. Thoroughimpregnation of the felt with vthis dense asphaltic compound is'obtained'by drawing the-felt through a. batch of the melted asphalt and thenover and between heated rolls (not shown). `The finished saturatedfabric should preferably comprise about sixty per cent. by weight ofasbestos and forty per cent. by weight of the asphalt compound.

The saturated fabric layers 11, 12, may beassembled with the mastic coreor body layer 10 in any convenient manner, as by susA drawing the sheetsof asbestos felt between a pair of horizontal composing rolls (notshown) -`and maintaining a batch of the heated mastic between the sheetsand rolls in accordance with the plan disclosed in Patent No. 302,938issuedto W. H. Rankin, August 5, 18811.` While the thickness of theshingle as a Whole, and the relative thickness of its component layersmay be varied in `accordance with the weight of the shingle desired andits adaptability for special use, it is proposed that the thick ness ofthe completed shingle will generally not greatly exceed that of preparedroofing shingles now in common use. It is also proposed that the masticcore or body layer 10 of the shingle may comprise about eighty per cent.of the total thickness, the fabric layers 11 and 12 being each about tenper cent.

The surface 13 of the shingle may be composed of grit, as usual. This isapplied over an adhesive layer of asphalt' 14, in a well known manner.

The improved shingle has sufficient weight and stiffness to insure thatits exposed portions, as 15, (Fig. 3) will not be raised by the wind,Furthermore, as the use of fugitive materials is avoided inwaterproofing the fabric layers 11, 12, and these layers are protectedby direct contact with the vmastic layer 10, warping and curling of theshingles are effectively preventedi When asbestos felt is employed forthe fabric layers 11, 12, as described, the improved shingle also hassubstantial fire-resisting properties whereby it cannot be ignited byburning brands falling upon the roof nor will the shingles serve for thetransmission of burning brands to adjacent buildings.

I claim as my invention:

1. sti non-frangible fire-resisting` shingle of laminated structurecomprising an intermediate mastic body layer formed with a major portionof finely divided incombustible material and a minor portion ofbituminous cementing material and a layer of asbestos fabric impregnatedwith asphalt adhering to and covering the said mastic layer on each sideof the same.

2. A stif' non-frangible fire-resisting shingle of laminated structurecomprising a mastic body layer formed with a major portion of finelydivided incombustiblea material and a minor portion of bituminouscementing material and an outer layer of asbestos fabric impregnatedwith asphalt adhering to and covering the said body layer upon one sideof the same.

3. A stiff non-frangible fire-resisting shingle of laminated structurecomprising an intermediate mastic body layer formed with a major portionof finely divided incombustible material and a minor portion ofbituminous cementing material, a layer of asbestos fabric impregnatedwith asphalt adhering to and covering the said mastic layer on each sideof the same, an adhesive 'layer of asphalt covering'one of the said 4. Astiff non-frangible shingle of laminated structure comprising a masticbody layer formed with approximately sixty-five per cent. by weight offinely divided incombustible material and thirty-five per cent. byweight of asphalt melting at about 2500 F. and a layer of asbestos feltimpregnated with a dense asphaltic compound which is semi-fluid atordinary temperatures adhering to and covering the said mastic layerupon one side of the same.

5. A stiff non-frangible shingle of laminated structure comprising amastic body layer formed with a major portion of finely dividedincombustible material and a minor portion of bituminous cementingmaterial and a layer of asbestos felt impregnated with a dense asphalticcompound which is semi-fluid at ordinary temperatures adhering to andcovering the said mastic layer upon one side of the same.

6. A fire resisting prepared roofing of laminated structure comprising aplurality of sheets of arbestos felt each impregnated with an asphalticwater-proofing compound, an intermediate layer, comprising bituminouscementing material extending between and uniting the said sheets ofasbestos felt, a layer of adhesive asphalt covering the outer side ofone of the said sheets of asbestos felt, and a layer of grit adhering toand covering the said adhesive asphalt layer.

7. A fire resisting prepared roofing of laminated structure comprising aplurality of sheets of asbestos felt each impregnated with a denseasphaltic compound which is semi-Huid at ordinary temperatures, an i11-termediate layer comprising bituminous cementing material extendingbetween and uniting the saidsheets of asbestos felt, a layer of adhesiveasphalt covering the outer side of one -of the said sheets of asbestosfelt, and a layer of grit adheringto and covering the said adhesiveasphalt layer.

8 A fire-resisting prepared roofing of laminated structure comprising asheet of asbestos felt impregnated with an asphaltic waterproofingcompound, a layer of adhesive asphalt covering the said sheet ofasbestos felt upon one side of the same, and a layer of grit adhering toand covering the said adhesive asphalt layer.

HENRY R. VVARDELL.

